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second consumed fuel

  • 1 fuel

    fuel n
    топливо
    aft fuel pump
    задний топливный насос
    aft fuel tank
    задний топливный бак
    aircraft fuel consumption
    расход топлива воздушным судном
    aircraft fuel quantity
    запас топлива воздушного судна
    aircraft fuel supply
    подача топлива в систему воздушного судна
    airfield fuel valve
    аэродромный штуцер заправки топливом
    alternate fuel tank
    промежуточный расходный бак перекачки топлива
    atomize fuel
    распыливать топливо
    aviation fuel
    авиационное топливо
    aviation mixed fuel
    авиационная топливная смесь
    aviation turbine fuel
    авиационное топливо для турбореактивных двигателей
    bag fuel tank
    мягкий топливный бак
    block fuel
    запас топлива на рейс
    boost fuel
    подкачивать топливо
    bubble-free fuel
    топливо без воздушных пузырьков
    bypass fuel back
    сбрасывать топливо на вход
    bypass fuel line
    линия перепуска топлива
    climb fuel
    топливо расходуемое на выбор высоты
    conserve fuel
    экономить топливо
    continue operating on the fuel reserve
    продолжать полет на аэронавигационном запасе топлива
    controlling fuel
    командное топливо
    critical fuel reserve
    критический запас топлива
    drainable fuel
    сливаемое топливо
    dump fuel
    сливать топливо
    emulsified fuel
    эмульсированное топливо
    engine-driven fuel boost pump
    двигательный насос подкачки топлива
    engine fuel system
    топливная система двигателя
    en-route fuel reserve
    аэронавигационный запас топлива
    even use of fuel
    равномерная выработка топлива
    external fuel tank
    подвесной топливный бак
    feed fuel
    подводить топливо
    ferry fuel tank
    дополнительный топливный бак
    first fuel consumed tank
    бак первой очереди расхода топлива
    flexible fuel tank
    мягкий топливный бак
    float fuel gage
    поплавковый топливомер
    float-type fueling valve
    поплавковый клапан заправки топливом
    fossil fuel
    органическое топливо
    fuel accumulator
    топливный аккумулятор
    fuel accumulator pressurization
    наддув топливного аккумулятора
    fuel atomization
    распыливание топлива
    fuel atomizer
    топливная форсунка
    fuel availability
    запас топлива
    fuel backup pump
    топливный насос низкого давления
    fuel booster pump
    насос подкачки топлива
    fuel bypass back
    сброс топлива
    fuel bypass pipe
    трубка отсечного топлива
    fuel call
    топливный отсек
    fuel capacity
    запас топлива
    fuel connection
    штуцер топливной системы
    fuel consumed counter
    счетчик расхода топлива
    fuel consumed tank
    расходный топливный бак
    fuel consumption rate
    уровень расхода топлива
    fuel control panel
    топливный щиток
    fuel control unit
    командно-топливный агрегат
    fuel crossfeed line
    магистраль кольцевания топливных баков
    fuel cross-feed system
    система кольцевания топливных баков
    fuel depletion
    полная выработка топлива
    fuel depot
    топливный склад
    fuel detonation
    детонация топлива
    fuel dip stick
    топливомерный щуп
    fuel dip system
    система снижения подачи топлива
    fuel discharge
    слив топлива
    fuel dispenser
    топливозаправщик
    fuel distribution
    распределение топлива
    fuel distributor
    распределитель топлива
    fuel draining
    слив топлива
    fuel dumping
    аварийный слив топлива
    fuel dumping rate
    скорость аварийного слива топлива
    fuel dump system
    система аварийного слива топлива
    fuel efficiency
    топливная эффективность
    fuel efficient altitude
    высота оптимального расхода топлива
    fuel endurance
    продолжительность по запасу топлива
    fuel enrichment system
    система обогащения топливной смеси
    fuel farm
    топливохранилище
    fuel feed system
    система подачи топлива
    fuel filling
    заправка топливом
    fuel filter
    топливный фильтр
    fuel fire shutoff valve
    противопожарный отсечный клапан топлива
    fuel flow
    1. расход топлива
    2. регулирование расхода топлива fuel flow indicator
    указатель мгновенного расхода топлива
    fuel flow meter
    топливный расходомер
    fuel flowmeter system
    система измерения расхода топлива
    fuel flow transmitter
    датчик расхода топлива
    fuel governor
    регулятор расхода топлива
    fuel grade
    сорт топлива
    fuel gravity system
    система подачи топлива самотеком
    fuel gravity transfer tube
    труба перелива топлива
    fuel heater
    подогреватель топлива
    fuel indicating system
    система контроля количества и расхода топлива
    fuel injection control
    регулирование непосредственного впрыска топлива
    fuel injection nozzle
    форсунка непосредственного впрыска
    fuel injection system
    система впрыска топлива
    fuel jet
    топливный жиклер
    fuel jettisoning system
    система аварийного слива топлива
    (fuel jettisonning system) fuel knock
    детонация топлива
    fuel level gage
    топливомер
    fuel line
    топливопровод
    fuel load
    запас топлива
    fuel low level switch
    сигнализатор остатка топлива
    (в баке) fuel management schedule
    порядок выработки топлива
    fuel management system
    система управления подачей топлива
    fuel manifold drain system
    система дренажа топливных коллекторов
    fuel metering
    регулирование подачи топлива
    fuel metering unit
    агрегат дозировки топлива
    fuel mixture indicator
    указатель качества топливной смеси
    fuel nozzle
    топливная форсунка
    fuel nozzle ferrule
    втулка для установки форсунки
    fuel nozzles group
    блок топливных форсунок
    fuel off-load rate
    скорость слива топлива
    fuel outlet hose
    шланг отвода топлива
    fuel outlet pipe
    патрубок забора топлива
    fuel pipeline
    топливный трубопровод
    fuel preheat system
    система подогрева топлива
    (на входе в двигатель) fuel pressure gage
    манометр давления топлива
    fuel pressure indicator
    указатель давления топлива
    fuel pressure warning light
    сигнальная лампочка давления топлива
    fuel property
    характеристика топлива
    fuel pump
    топливный насос
    fuel quantity gage
    датчик топливомера
    fuel quantity indicator
    указатель количества топлива
    fuel quantity indicator selector switch
    переключатель топливомера
    fuel quantity meter
    топливомер
    fuel quantity transmitter
    датчик топливомера
    fuel quantity transmitter hatch
    люк для крепления датчика топливомера
    fuel range
    запас топлива
    fuel range estimating
    расчет запаса топлива
    fuel remaining counter
    счетчик остатка топлива
    fuel remaining indicator
    указатель остатка топлива
    fuel reservoir
    расходный отсек топливного бака
    fuel runout
    полная выработка топлива
    fuel savings procedure
    схема полета с минимальным расходом топлива
    fuel screen
    топливный фильтр
    fuel selector
    переключатель топливных баков
    fuel servicing truck
    топливозаправщик
    fuel shutoff valve lever
    рычаг стоп-крана подачи топлива
    fuel spill
    утечка топлива
    fuel spray pattern
    угол распыла топлива
    fuel starvation
    нехватка топлива
    fuel storage depot
    топливохранилище
    fuel storage system
    система размещения топливных баков
    fuel supply pressure
    давление в системе подачи топлива
    fuel supply system
    система подачи топлива
    fuel system
    топливная система
    fuel tank
    1. дренажное отверстие топливного бака
    2. топливный бак fuel tankage
    емкость топливных баков
    fuel tank drainage
    дренаж топливного бака
    fuel tanker
    топливозаправщик
    fuel tank filling rate
    скорость заправки топливных баков
    fuel tank support
    ложемент топливного бака
    fuel tank trailer
    топливозаправщик с цистерной
    fuel tank water drainage
    слив конденсата из топливных баков
    fuel the tank
    заправлять бак топливом
    fuel throughput charge
    сбор за заправку топливом
    fuel totalizer
    топливомер суммарного запаса топлива
    fuel trankage
    отбирать воздух
    fuel transfer
    перекачка
    fuel transfer pump
    насос перекачки топлива
    fuel trimming
    балансировка выработкой топлива
    fuel up
    заправлять топливом
    fuel uplift
    количество заправляемого топлива
    fuel usage system
    система выработки топлива
    (из баков) high-energy fuel
    высококалорийное топливо
    high-grade fuel
    высококачественное топливо
    high-octane fuel
    высокооктановое топливо
    high-pressure fuel system
    топливная система высокого давления
    high-speed fuel manifold
    топливный коллектор большого газа
    ignite fuel
    зажигать топливо
    igniter fuel nozzle
    пусковая форсунка воспламенителя
    improper fuel
    некондиционное топливо
    in computing the fuel
    при расчете количества топлива
    intentionally damped fuel
    преднамеренно слитое топливо
    introduce fuel
    подавать топливо
    jet fuel
    топливо для реактивных двигателей
    jettison fuel
    аварийно сливать топливо
    low-speed fuel manifold
    топливный коллектор малого газа
    main fuel
    основной запас топлива
    main fuel manifold
    основной топливный коллектор
    main fuel nozzle
    рабочая топливная форсунка
    minimize fuel consumption
    доводить расход топлива до минимума
    on-board fuel
    запас топлива на борту
    one-hour fuel reserve
    часовой запас топлива
    operate on fuel
    работать на топливе
    pressure fuel system
    система подачи топлива под давлением
    primary fuel nozzle
    форсунка первого контура подачи топлива
    primary fuel starting manifold
    первый топливный коллектор
    run out fuel
    полностью вырабатывать топливо
    run-up fuel
    топливо на опробование
    second fuel consumed tank
    бак второй очереди расхода топлива
    self-sealing fuel tank
    протектированный топливный бак
    sequence of fuel usage
    очередность выработки топлива
    (по группам баков) service fuel tank
    рабочий топливный бак
    shut off fuel
    перекрывать подачу топлива
    slipper fuel tank
    подвесной топливный бак
    specific fuel consumption
    удельный расход топлива
    started fuel valve
    клапан пускового топлива
    starting fuel
    пусковое топливо
    starting fuel control unit
    автомат подачи пускового топлива
    starting fuel nozzle
    форсунка пускового топлива
    takeoff fuel
    количество топлива, требуемое для взлета
    taxi fuel
    топливо, расходуемое при рулении
    test a fuel nozzle
    проливать топливную форсунку
    thrust specific fuel consumption
    удельный расход топлива на кг тяги в час
    total fuel indicator
    указатель суммарного запаса топлива
    transfer fuel
    перекачивать топливо
    trapped fuel
    несливаемый остаток топлива
    two-jet fuel nozzle
    двухсопловая топливная форсунка
    undrainable fuel reserve
    несливаемый запас топлива
    uneven use of fuel
    неравномерная выработка топлива
    unusable fuel
    невырабатываемый остаток топлива
    usable fuel
    расходуемое топливо
    use fuel
    расходовать топливо
    ventral fuel tank
    дополнительный топливный бак
    wide-cut fuel
    топливо широкой фракции
    wing fuel tank
    топливный крыльевой бак
    wing integral fuel tank
    топливный отсек крыла
    wingtip fuel tank
    топливный бак, устанавливаемый на конце крыла
    zero fuel mass
    масса без топлива
    zero fuel weight
    масса без топлива

    English-Russian aviation dictionary > fuel

  • 2 second

    second freedom of the air
    вторая степень свободы воздуха
    second fuel consumed tank
    бак второй очереди расхода топлива
    second pilot
    второй пилот
    second type of occurence
    второй тип события

    English-Russian aviation dictionary > second

  • 3 second fuel consumed tanks

    возд. баки второй очереди расхода топлива

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > second fuel consumed tanks

  • 4 second fuel consumed tanks

    возд. баки второй очереди расхода топлива

    Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > second fuel consumed tanks

  • 5 second fuel consumed tank

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > second fuel consumed tank

  • 6 second fuel consumed tanks

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > second fuel consumed tanks

  • 7 second fuel consumed tank

    Англо-русский словарь по авиации > second fuel consumed tank

  • 8 second fuel consumed tanks

    Англо-русский словарь по авиации > second fuel consumed tanks

  • 9 second fuel consumed tank

    English-Russian dictionary of terms that are used in computer games > second fuel consumed tank

  • 10 tank

    1) бак; цистерна; танк
    3) ванна, чан
    4) водохранилище; (искусственный) водоём; бассейн
    6) сил. шламбассейн
    12) кфт. ба(чо)к
    •
    to bleed [empty\] a tank — опорожнять резервуар;
    to fuel the tank — возд. заправлять бак топливом;
    to roll a tank — перемешивать нефть в резервуаре (каким-л. газом);
    to run a tank — сливать нефть из резервуара в трубопровод;
    to strap a tank — измерять ёмкость резервуара;
    to switch to the proper tank — возд. переключать выключателем на расход топлива из соответствующего бака;
    to thief a tank — отбирать пробы в резервуаре;
    to turn the proper tank on — переключать краном на расход топлива из соответствующего бака;
    -
    accumulator tank
    -
    acid dump tank
    -
    activated tanks
    -
    additive tank
    -
    aeration tank
    -
    aft fuel tank
    -
    afterpeak tank
    -
    agitator tank
    -
    air blow tank
    -
    air tank
    -
    air-buoyancy tank
    -
    air-oil tank
    -
    alternate fuel tank
    -
    anodizing tank
    -
    antipitching tanks
    -
    antirolling tanks
    -
    aseptic tank
    -
    asphalt-lined tank
    -
    auxiliary fuel tank
    -
    auxiliary tank
    -
    backwater tank
    -
    bag fuel tank
    -
    balance tank
    -
    balancing tank
    -
    ballast tank
    -
    balloon roof tank
    -
    bath tank
    -
    bioaeration tank
    -
    blanching tank
    -
    bleaching tank
    -
    blending tank
    -
    blend tank
    -
    blow-off tank
    -
    boat tank
    -
    boil tank
    -
    bottomless offshore storage tank
    -
    bottomless offshore tank
    -
    breathing tank
    -
    brine tank
    -
    bulk oil tank
    -
    bullet tank
    -
    buoyancy tank
    -
    burial tank
    -
    buried tank
    -
    cantilever tank
    -
    canvas tank
    -
    cargo tank
    -
    catch tank
    -
    cathode tank
    -
    cement slurry mixing tank
    -
    cement mixing tank
    -
    charging stock tank
    -
    charging tank
    -
    chill tank
    -
    chromatographic tank
    -
    clarification tank
    -
    clean ballast tank
    -
    coagulation tank
    -
    cold water tank
    -
    collapsible tank
    -
    collecting tank
    -
    compound surge tank
    -
    compressed-air surge tank
    -
    concentrate holding tank
    -
    concentration tank
    -
    concentrator tank
    -
    condensate gathering tank
    -
    condensate tank
    -
    conservator tank
    -
    constant header tank
    -
    constricted tank
    -
    continuous tank
    -
    controlled passive tanks
    -
    coolant bleed holdup tank
    -
    core flooding tank
    -
    core flood tank
    -
    corner tank
    -
    crude oil storage tank
    -
    crude storage tank
    -
    cryogenic tank
    -
    culture tank
    -
    culture-holding tank
    -
    curing tank
    -
    cuttings tank
    -
    daily service tank
    -
    daily tank
    -
    day tank
    -
    deaerator storage tank
    -
    decanting tank
    -
    decay tank
    -
    deck tank
    -
    deep tank
    -
    defecation tank
    -
    degassing tank
    -
    depositing tank
    -
    detritus tank
    -
    developing tank
    -
    differential surge tank
    -
    digestion tank
    -
    dip tank
    -
    discharge tank
    -
    dishwasher tank
    -
    distilling tank
    -
    domestic water tank
    -
    dome-type tank
    -
    double-bottom tank
    -
    drain tank
    -
    drilling mud mixing tank
    -
    drilling mud settling tank
    -
    drilling mud storage tank
    -
    drilling mud suction tank
    -
    drilling mud tank
    -
    drinking water tank
    -
    drip tank
    -
    Dubai storage tank
    -
    dump tank
    -
    earth tank
    -
    earthen tank
    -
    electrolytic tank
    -
    elevated tank
    -
    emergency head tank
    -
    emergency tank
    -
    equalizing tank
    -
    etching tank
    -
    etch tank
    -
    evacuated tank
    -
    evaporation tank
    -
    expansion tank
    -
    expansion-roof tank
    -
    external fuel tank
    -
    ex-vessel storage tank
    -
    fabric tank
    -
    feed tank
    -
    feedwater tank
    -
    ferry fuel tank
    -
    field tank
    -
    filling tank
    -
    filter tank
    -
    filter-bottom tank
    -
    first fuel consumed tank
    -
    fixed-roof tank
    -
    fixing tank
    -
    flexible fuel tank
    -
    flexible tank
    -
    float tank
    -
    floating roof tank
    -
    flocculating tank
    -
    flotation tank
    -
    flow tank
    -
    flushing tank
    -
    flush tank
    -
    forepeak tank
    -
    formula mixing tank
    -
    free-water settling tank
    -
    fuel consumed tank
    -
    fuel expansion tank
    -
    fuel oil tank
    -
    fuel tank
    -
    gage tank
    -
    gas tank
    -
    gas-decay tank
    -
    gasoline tank
    -
    glass-melting tank
    -
    globe-bottom tank
    -
    globe-roof tank
    -
    gravitation tank
    -
    grease skimming tank
    -
    grounded tank
    -
    gunbarrel tank
    -
    gunwale tank
    -
    head tank
    -
    header tank
    -
    heated digestion tank
    -
    heat-exchange tank
    -
    heeling tank
    -
    hemispheroid tank
    -
    hide brining tank
    -
    hip tank
    -
    holding tank
    -
    holdup tank
    -
    hot tank
    -
    hot-water tank
    -
    hydraulic tank
    -
    ice-storage tank
    -
    inflatable dome-roof tank
    -
    inground tank
    -
    injection tank
    -
    ink tank
    -
    integral tank
    -
    interconnected tanks
    -
    intermittent tank
    -
    lagering tank
    -
    lager tank
    -
    land storage tank
    -
    lead-lined tank
    -
    lease tank
    -
    liberator tank
    -
    lifter-roof tank
    -
    lime coating tank
    -
    lower wing tank
    -
    low-temperature tank
    -
    lubrication tank
    -
    massecuite tank
    -
    maturing and deaeration tank
    -
    measuring tank
    -
    melting tank
    -
    melting-out tank
    -
    mixing tank
    -
    model tank
    -
    molten spelter tank
    -
    monitoring tank
    -
    multiple tank
    -
    multisphere tank
    -
    neutralization tank
    -
    neutron-shield tank
    -
    oil tank
    -
    oil-gathering tank
    -
    oil-storage tank
    -
    orifice surge tank
    -
    overflow tank
    -
    overhead storage water tank
    -
    overhead tank
    -
    oxidation tank
    -
    paraffin tank
    -
    parboiling tank
    -
    passive stabilizing tanks
    -
    pickle tank
    -
    pillow tank
    -
    pipeline tank
    -
    precipitation tank
    -
    preconditioning tank
    -
    premixing tank
    -
    presettling tank
    -
    pressure tank
    -
    pressurized tank
    -
    priming tank
    -
    processing tank
    -
    quench tank
    -
    quenching tank
    -
    radiator top tank
    -
    rating tank
    -
    reactivation tank
    -
    receiving tank
    -
    refining tank
    -
    refrigerated truck tank
    -
    regenerant tank
    -
    rejection tank
    -
    rendering tank
    -
    restricted orifice surge tank
    -
    retention tank
    -
    rinse tank
    -
    rising tank
    -
    rotating-arm tank
    -
    roughing tank
    -
    rubberized tank
    -
    rubber-lined tank
    -
    run tank
    -
    run-down tank
    -
    salt-settling tank
    -
    scale settling tank
    -
    scrubbing tank
    -
    seamless tank
    -
    second fuel consumed tanks
    -
    sedimentation tank
    -
    seed tank
    -
    self-priming tank
    -
    self-sealing fuel tank
    -
    separating tank
    -
    septic tank
    -
    service mud storage tank
    -
    service tank
    -
    settling tank
    -
    sewage tank
    -
    sewage treatment tank
    -
    shaker tank
    -
    shotgun tank
    -
    simple surge tank
    -
    single-chamber tank
    -
    skimming tank
    -
    slipper fuel tank
    -
    slop tank
    -
    sludge digestion tank
    -
    sludge tank
    -
    slurry tank
    -
    solvent catch tank
    -
    solvent tank
    -
    spiral flow tank
    -
    stabilizing tanks
    -
    steeping tank
    -
    stock tank
    -
    storage tank
    -
    submerged tank
    -
    subsidence tank
    -
    subsurface tank
    -
    suction tank
    -
    sulfitation tank
    -
    sump tank
    -
    supply tank
    -
    surge tank
    -
    swarf-settling tank
    -
    switch tank
    -
    tank of oil circuit-breaker
    -
    tempering tank
    -
    test tank
    -
    throat-type tank
    -
    throat tank
    -
    tongs cooling tank
    -
    topside tank
    -
    towing tank
    -
    transformer tank
    -
    transit site tank
    -
    trimming tank
    -
    trim tank
    -
    trip tank
    -
    truck tank
    -
    ungrounded tank
    -
    unlined tank
    -
    vacuum tank
    -
    vacuum-degassing tank
    -
    vapor-tight tank
    -
    vent tank
    -
    vented tank
    -
    ventral fuel tank
    -
    volume tank
    -
    wash tank
    -
    washing tank
    -
    washwater tank
    -
    waste tank
    -
    water-scaled tank
    -
    water-sprayed tank
    -
    water-supply tank
    -
    water-top tank
    -
    wave tank
    -
    weathering tank
    -
    wet-oil tank
    -
    window tank
    -
    wingtip fuel tank
    -
    working tank
    -
    yeast assimilation tank

    Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > tank

  • 11 tank

    бак, бачок, резервуар

    to drain the tank — сливать (напр. топливо) из бака

    wing tip fuel tank — топливный бак, устанавливаемый на конце крыла

    Англо-русский словарь по гражданской авиации > tank

  • 12 tank

    tank n
    бак
    aft fuel tank
    задний топливный бак
    alternate fuel tank
    промежуточный расходный бак перекачки топлива
    bag fuel tank
    мягкий топливный бак
    belly tank
    подфюзеляжный бак
    calibrate the tank
    тарировать бак
    drain tank
    дренажный бачок
    drain the tank
    сливать из бака
    dump tank
    сливной бак
    expansion tank
    расширительный бачок
    external fuel tank
    подвесной топливный бак
    ferry fuel tank
    дополнительный топливный бак
    first fuel consumed tank
    бак первой очереди расхода топлива
    flexible fuel tank
    мягкий топливный бак
    folding plastic tank
    складной резервуар из синтетического материала
    fuel consumed tank
    расходный топливный бак
    fuel tank
    1. дренажное отверстие топливного бака
    2. топливный бак fuel tank drainage
    дренаж топливного бака
    fuel tank filling rate
    скорость заправки топливных баков
    fuel tank support
    ложемент топливного бака
    fuel tank trailer
    топливозаправщик с цистерной
    fuel tank water drainage
    слив конденсата из топливных баков
    fuel the tank
    заправлять бак топливом
    gas tank
    бензобак
    hydraulic tank
    гидробак
    integral tank
    кессон-бак
    oil tank
    маслобак
    outboard tank
    подвесной бак
    pressurized tank
    бак с наддувом
    rigid tank
    жесткий бак
    second fuel consumed tank
    бак второй очереди расхода топлива
    self-sealing fuel tank
    протектированный топливный бак
    service fuel tank
    рабочий топливный бак
    slipper fuel tank
    подвесной топливный бак
    switch to the proper tank
    включать подачу топлива из бака с помощью электрического крана
    tank cap
    крышка топливного бака
    tank capacity
    емкость топливных баков
    tank filler
    заливная горловина бака
    tank inlet
    горловина бака
    tank level indicator
    указатель уровня в баке
    tank pressure
    давление в топливном баке
    tank pressurizating system
    система наддува бака
    tank vent valve
    дренажный клапан бака
    turn the proper tank on
    включать подачу топлива из бока с помощью механического крана
    ventral fuel tank
    дополнительный топливный бак
    vent tank
    дренажный бак
    waste tank
    сливной бак бытовой системы
    wing fuel tank
    топливный крыльевой бак
    wing integral fuel tank
    топливный отсек крыла
    wingtip fuel tank
    топливный бак, устанавливаемый на конце крыла

    English-Russian aviation dictionary > tank

  • 13 consume

    first fuel consumed tank
    бак первой очереди расхода топлива
    fuel consumed counter
    счетчик расхода топлива
    fuel consumed tank
    расходный топливный бак
    second fuel consumed tank
    бак второй очереди расхода топлива

    English-Russian aviation dictionary > consume

  • 14 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

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